Permission
(giving/not giving permission, asking for
permiss.)
Permiso (dar o no darlo, pedirlo)
You
may leave
now
You may
not leave
now
May
I leave now?
You can smoke
if you want to
You can't
smoke in here
Can
I smoke?
ver can, could
You are allowed to smoke
in this room You aren't
allowed to smoke May
I smoke?
Offering
help (asking
to do something for 2nd persons)
Ofrecer
ayuda
(Mira aquí
también)
Shall
I carry that (for
you)? (¿Te llevo eso?)
Shall we call
an ambulance? (¿Llamamos a ...?)
Note: only questions; subject: 1st
persons: "I", "we"; translated in
the present
Una frase suelta: Can I help
you?
Asking for help (asking
a 2nd p. to do something for you)
Pedir ayuda (Mira
aquí también)
Will you help
us with these parcels? (¿Nos ayudáis
...?)
Will you go
& get some chalk, please? (¿Me vas a
por...?)
Note: only questions; subject: 2nd
persons: you; translated in the present
Making
requests
Hacer peticiones
May I borrow
your pen? (very formal)
Could I use
your telephone? (formal, polite: for people you know and
people you don't know!)
Can I wear
your green T-shirt today (oh, please, say yes)? (informal:
you know the person well)
Making
suggestions
Hacer sugerencias, proponer cosas
Why don't we go
dancing? (informal) Why don't we call your neighbour?
We could go
dancing (objective possibility!) We could call your neighbour
Let's go
dancing! (enthusiastic) Let´s call him/her
Why don't you leave
me alone (once and for all)?
Giving
and asking for advice
Dar y pedir consejo
You should study
a bit more, really.
You ought
to study
more
You shouldn't worry
so much. It'll be all right.
What should I do?
Should I phone
her/him or not?
CAN and COULD
Tienen muchas funciones, algunas han salido ya y otras
no. A continuación, un repasito.
Ability
Capacidad de hacer algo
She can speak
four languages (Puede hablar; Sabe hablar…)
How many languages can you
speak?
I can't type
(No sé escribir a máquina)
Ability in the past... could
When I was ten I could swim
(Sabía nadar a los 10)
Permission
Permiso
You can smoke
if you want to; You can't
smoke in here; Can
I smoke?
Permission
or request???
¿Permiso o petición?
Can/Could I try
this pair of trousers on, please?
Requests
Peticiones
Can/Could you give
me a larger size, please?
Can/Could I have
some stamps, please?
Can/Could you tell
me the way to the station, please?
Could I use
your telephone? (formal, polite)
Can I wear
your green T-shirt today? (informal)
If Susan calls again, can
you tell her to phone back
later?
If Peter calls again, could
you tell him I'm out?
Can/Could you ask
her to phone me at work?
Suggestions/Proposals
Sugerencias/Propuestas
We can go
to the cinema (Podemos ir al cine)
We could go
dancing (Podríamos ir a bailar)
We could buy
her/him a present (Podríamos comprarle un regalo)
Possibility: may, could,
might
Puede que... Podría ser que...
Pudiera ser que... (de posibilidad neutra a lo más
improbable)
(The teacher is not here, but she is often late)
She may be
late, as usual (Puede que
llegue tarde, como siempre)
She could be
ill (Podría estar
enferma; puede que esté enferma; a lo mejor está
enferma)
She might have been
run over by a car (less likely;
Pudiera ser que la hubiera
pillado...)
Drawing conclusions
Deducir cosas
Oh, come on, she can't be
dead! (no puede estar muerta;
no es posible esto)
She must have fallen
asleep again! (Debe de
haberse dormido)
She must have missed
the bus (Debe de haber perdido
el autobús)
Dos
notas importantes: WOULD y WILL
"Would" = -ría (Condicional)
Lo compraría
(si... + condición) = I would
buy it/ I'd buy it.
Siempre va seguido del verbo en infinitivo sin "to".
Por eso, aunque esté contraído, se diferencia
del "had" = I'd
bought it when they arrived
(Lo había comprado
ya cuando llegaron)
I
WANT TO BUY some stamps
I DON'T WANT to leave
DO you WANTto have a drink? |
I'D
LIKE TO BUY some stamps
I WOULDN'T LIKE to leave
WOULD you LIKEto have a drink? |
Ver
Like/Want
(archivo pdf, 1 pág.)
"Will" sirve para tres cosas:
Se traduce por presente:
en
las peticiones de favores
tipo "Will you...?"
y
en las decisiones instantáneas:
"Predicción"
significa que es lo que se espera que ocurra, pero que
no es seguro, ni mucho menos.
Al
hablar del futuro, en inglés es muy importante
aclarar qué posibilidades hay de que ese futuro
ocurra. Ver
los futuros. No les
gusta asegurar lo que puede que no ocurra. Así,
hay varios niveles de probabilidad, de lo que es más
probable que ocurra (el present continuous con
valor futuro y el "going to" future)
a lo que podría no ocurrir (el "will"
future).
Present continuous
I'm studying this afternoon
(Muy probable que ocurra: has quedado con alguien a una
hora)
"Going to" future
I'm going to study this afternoon
(Tengo ese plan/intención - intención sajona:
te esforzarás por conseguirlo)
"Will" future
I'll study, I think/suppose
(A lo mejor, algún día se pone...; o sea,
no es probable)
OTRAS COSITAS
I
agree = Estoy de acuerdo; I disagree / I don't agree =
No estoy de acuerdo; Do you agree? = ¡Estás/estáis
de acuerdo?Yes, please/ Thank your very much/ Not at all/
Very kind of you/ Certainly/ Yes, of course/ OK, then/
Wait a moment, please/ Hold on/ See you, then/ It was
lovely/ Lovely, thank you/ It's all right/ Sorry/ Excuse
me.
Authorities - las autoridades